feat: add Nat.mod_eq_sub and fix dependencies from Nat.sub_mul_eq_mod_of_lt_of_le (#6160)

This PR adds theorem `mod_eq_sub`, makes theorem
`sub_mul_eq_mod_of_lt_of_le` not private anymore and moves its location
within the `rotate*` section to use it in other proofs.

src/Init/Data/BitVec/Lemmas.lean

@@ -2758,12 +2758,6 @@ theorem getElem_rotateLeft {x : BitVec w} {r i : Nat} (h : i < w) :
       if h' : i < r % w then x[(w - (r % w) + i)] else x[i - (r % w)] := by
   simp [← BitVec.getLsbD_eq_getElem, h]
 
-/-- If `w ≤ x < 2 * w`, then `x % w = x - w` -/
-theorem mod_eq_sub_of_le_of_lt {x w : Nat} (x_le : w ≤ x) (x_lt : x < 2 * w) :
-    x % w = x - w := by
-  rw [Nat.mod_eq_sub_mod, Nat.mod_eq_of_lt (by omega)]
-  omega
-
 theorem getMsbD_rotateLeftAux_of_lt {x : BitVec w} {r : Nat} {i : Nat} (hi : i < w - r) :
     (x.rotateLeftAux r).getMsbD i = x.getMsbD (r + i) := by
   rw [rotateLeftAux, getMsbD_or]
@@ -2773,6 +2767,20 @@ theorem getMsbD_rotateLeftAux_of_ge {x : BitVec w} {r : Nat} {i : Nat} (hi : i
     (x.rotateLeftAux r).getMsbD i = (decide (i < w) && x.getMsbD (i - (w - r))) := by
   simp [rotateLeftAux, getMsbD_or, show i + r ≥ w by omega, show ¬i < w - r by omega]
 
+/--
+If a number `w * n ≤ i < w * (n + 1)`, then `i - w * n` equals `i % w`.
+This is true by subtracting `w * n` from the inequality, giving
+`0 ≤ i - w * n < w`, which uniquely identifies `i % w`.
+-/
+private theorem Nat.sub_mul_eq_mod_of_lt_of_le (hlo : w * n ≤ i) (hhi : i < w * (n + 1)) :
+    i - w * n = i % w := by
+  rw [Nat.mod_def]
+  congr
+  symm
+  apply Nat.div_eq_of_lt_le
+    (by rw [Nat.mul_comm]; omega)
+    (by rw [Nat.mul_comm]; omega)
+
 /-- When `r < w`, we give a formula for `(x.rotateLeft r).getMsbD i`. -/
 theorem getMsbD_rotateLeft_of_lt {n w : Nat} {x : BitVec w} (hi : r < w):
     (x.rotateLeft r).getMsbD n = (decide (n < w) && x.getMsbD ((r + n) % w)) := by
@@ -2785,8 +2793,8 @@ theorem getMsbD_rotateLeft_of_lt {n w : Nat} {x : BitVec w} (hi : r < w):
       by_cases h₁ : n < w + 1
       · simp only [h₁, decide_true, Bool.true_and]
         have h₂ : (r + n) < 2 * (w + 1) := by omega
-        rw [mod_eq_sub_of_le_of_lt (by omega) (by omega)]
         congr 1
+        rw [← Nat.sub_mul_eq_mod_of_lt_of_le (n := 1) (by omega) (by omega), Nat.mul_one]
         omega
       · simp [h₁]
 
@@ -3103,20 +3111,6 @@ theorem replicate_succ_eq {x : BitVec w} :
     (x ++ replicate n x).cast (by rw [Nat.mul_succ]; omega) := by
   simp [replicate]
 
-/--
-If a number `w * n ≤ i < w * (n + 1)`, then `i - w * n` equals `i % w`.
-This is true by subtracting `w * n` from the inequality, giving
-`0 ≤ i - w * n < w`, which uniquely identifies `i % w`.
--/
-private theorem Nat.sub_mul_eq_mod_of_lt_of_le (hlo : w * n ≤ i) (hhi : i < w * (n + 1)) :
-    i - w * n = i % w := by
-  rw [Nat.mod_def]
-  congr
-  symm
-  apply Nat.div_eq_of_lt_le
-    (by rw [Nat.mul_comm]; omega)
-    (by rw [Nat.mul_comm]; omega)
-
 @[simp]
 theorem getLsbD_replicate {n w : Nat} (x : BitVec w) :
     (x.replicate n).getLsbD i =

src/Init/Data/Nat/Lemmas.lean

@@ -679,6 +679,10 @@ theorem add_mod (a b n : Nat) : (a + b) % n = ((a % n) + (b % n)) % n := by
 @[simp] theorem mod_mul_mod {a b c : Nat} : (a % c * b) % c = a * b % c := by
   rw [mul_mod, mod_mod, ← mul_mod]
 
+theorem mod_eq_sub (x w : Nat) : x % w = x - w * (x / w) := by
+  conv => rhs; congr; rw [← mod_add_div x w]
+  simp
+
 /-! ### pow -/
 
 theorem pow_succ' {m n : Nat} : m ^ n.succ = m * m ^ n := by