diff --git a/library/data/stream.lean b/library/data/stream.lean new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..032643cf03 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/data/stream.lean @@ -0,0 +1,597 @@ +/- +Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. +Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE. +Author: Leonardo de Moura +-/ +open nat function option +universes u v w + +def stream (α : Type u) := nat → α + +namespace stream +variables {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {δ : Type w} + +def cons (a : α) (s : stream α) : stream α := +λ i, + match i with + | 0 := a + | succ n := s n + end + +notation h :: t := cons h t + +@[reducible] def head (s : stream α) : α := +s 0 + +def tail (s : stream α) : stream α := +λ i, s (i+1) + +def drop (n : nat) (s : stream α) : stream α := +λ i, s (i+n) + +@[reducible] def nth (n : nat) (s : stream α) : α := +s n + +protected theorem eta (s : stream α) : head s :: tail s = s := +funext (λ i, begin cases i, repeat {refl} end) + +theorem nth_zero_cons (a : α) (s : stream α) : nth 0 (a :: s) = a := rfl + +theorem head_cons (a : α) (s : stream α) : head (a :: s) = a := rfl + +theorem tail_cons (a : α) (s : stream α) : tail (a :: s) = s := rfl + +theorem tail_drop (n : nat) (s : stream α) : tail (drop n s) = drop n (tail s) := +funext (λ i, begin unfold tail drop, simp end) + +theorem nth_drop (n m : nat) (s : stream α) : nth n (drop m s) = nth (n+m) s := rfl + +theorem tail_eq_drop (s : stream α) : tail s = drop 1 s := rfl + +theorem drop_drop (n m : nat) (s : stream α) : drop n (drop m s) = drop (n+m) s := +funext (λ i, begin unfold drop, rw add_assoc end) + +theorem nth_succ (n : nat) (s : stream α) : nth (succ n) s = nth n (tail s) := rfl + +theorem drop_succ (n : nat) (s : stream α) : drop (succ n) s = drop n (tail s) := rfl + +protected theorem ext {s₁ s₂ : stream α} : (∀ n, nth n s₁ = nth n s₂) → s₁ = s₂ := +assume h, funext h + +def all (p : α → Prop) (s : stream α) := ∀ n, p (nth n s) + +def any (p : α → Prop) (s : stream α) := ∃ n, p (nth n s) + +theorem all_def (p : α → Prop) (s : stream α) : all p s = ∀ n, p (nth n s) := rfl + +theorem any_def (p : α → Prop) (s : stream α) : any p s = ∃ n, p (nth n s) := rfl + +protected def mem (a : α) (s : stream α) := any (λ b, a = b) s + +instance : has_mem α (stream α) := +⟨stream.mem⟩ + +theorem mem_cons (a : α) (s : stream α) : a ∈ (a::s) := +exists.intro 0 rfl + +theorem mem_cons_of_mem {a : α} {s : stream α} (b : α) : a ∈ s → a ∈ b :: s := +assume ⟨n, h⟩, +exists.intro (succ n) (by rw [nth_succ, tail_cons, h]) + +theorem eq_or_mem_of_mem_cons {a b : α} {s : stream α} : a ∈ b::s → a = b ∨ a ∈ s := +assume ⟨n, h⟩, +begin + cases n with n', + {left, exact h}, + {right, rw [nth_succ, tail_cons] at h, exact ⟨n', h⟩} +end + +theorem mem_of_nth_eq {n : nat} {s : stream α} {a : α} : a = nth n s → a ∈ s := +assume h, exists.intro n h + +section map +variable (f : α → β) + +def map (s : stream α) : stream β := +λ n, f (nth n s) + +theorem drop_map (n : nat) (s : stream α) : drop n (map f s) = map f (drop n s) := +stream.ext (λ i, rfl) + +theorem nth_map (n : nat) (s : stream α) : nth n (map f s) = f (nth n s) := rfl + +theorem tail_map (s : stream α) : tail (map f s) = map f (tail s) := +begin rw tail_eq_drop, refl end + +theorem head_map (s : stream α) : head (map f s) = f (head s) := rfl + +theorem map_eq (s : stream α) : map f s = f (head s) :: map f (tail s) := +by rw [← stream.eta (map f s), tail_map, head_map] + +theorem map_cons (a : α) (s : stream α) : map f (a :: s) = f a :: map f s := +begin rw [← stream.eta (map f (a :: s)), map_eq], refl end + +theorem map_id (s : stream α) : map id s = s := rfl + +theorem map_map (g : β → δ) (f : α → β) (s : stream α) : map g (map f s) = map (g ∘ f) s := rfl + +theorem map_tail (s : stream α) : map f (tail s) = tail (map f s) := rfl + +theorem mem_map {a : α} {s : stream α} : a ∈ s → f a ∈ map f s := +assume ⟨n, h⟩, +exists.intro n (by rw [nth_map, h]) + +theorem exists_of_mem_map {f} {b : β} {s : stream α} : b ∈ map f s → ∃ a, a ∈ s ∧ f a = b := +assume ⟨n, h⟩, ⟨nth n s, ⟨n, rfl⟩, h.symm⟩ +end map + +section zip +variable (f : α → β → δ) + +def zip (s₁ : stream α) (s₂ : stream β) : stream δ := +λ n, f (nth n s₁) (nth n s₂) + +theorem drop_zip (n : nat) (s₁ : stream α) (s₂ : stream β) : drop n (zip f s₁ s₂) = zip f (drop n s₁) (drop n s₂) := +stream.ext (λ i, rfl) + +theorem nth_zip (n : nat) (s₁ : stream α) (s₂ : stream β) : nth n (zip f s₁ s₂) = f (nth n s₁) (nth n s₂) := rfl + +theorem head_zip (s₁ : stream α) (s₂ : stream β) : head (zip f s₁ s₂) = f (head s₁) (head s₂) := rfl + +theorem tail_zip (s₁ : stream α) (s₂ : stream β) : tail (zip f s₁ s₂) = zip f (tail s₁) (tail s₂) := rfl + +theorem zip_eq (s₁ : stream α) (s₂ : stream β) : zip f s₁ s₂ = f (head s₁) (head s₂) :: zip f (tail s₁) (tail s₂) := +begin rw [← stream.eta (zip f s₁ s₂)], refl end + +end zip + +def const (a : α) : stream α := +λ n, a + +theorem mem_const (a : α) : a ∈ const a := +exists.intro 0 rfl + +theorem const_eq (a : α) : const a = a :: const a := +begin + apply stream.ext, intro n, + cases n, repeat {refl} +end + +theorem tail_const (a : α) : tail (const a) = const a := +suffices tail (a :: const a) = const a, by rwa [← const_eq] at this, rfl + +theorem map_const (f : α → β) (a : α) : map f (const a) = const (f a) := rfl + +theorem nth_const (n : nat) (a : α) : nth n (const a) = a := rfl + +theorem drop_const (n : nat) (a : α) : drop n (const a) = const a := +stream.ext (λ i, rfl) + +def iterate (f : α → α) (a : α) : stream α := +λ n, nat.rec_on n a (λ n r, f r) + +theorem head_iterate (f : α → α) (a : α) : head (iterate f a) = a := rfl + +theorem tail_iterate (f : α → α) (a : α) : tail (iterate f a) = iterate f (f a) := +begin + apply funext, intro n, + induction n with n' ih, + {refl}, + {unfold tail iterate, + unfold tail iterate at ih, + rw add_one at ih, dsimp at ih, + rw add_one, dsimp, rw ih} +end + +theorem iterate_eq (f : α → α) (a : α) : iterate f a = a :: iterate f (f a) := +begin + rw [← stream.eta (iterate f a)], + rw tail_iterate, refl +end + +theorem nth_zero_iterate (f : α → α) (a : α) : nth 0 (iterate f a) = a := rfl + +theorem nth_succ_iterate (n : nat) (f : α → α) (a : α) : nth (succ n) (iterate f a) = nth n (iterate f (f a)) := +by rw [nth_succ, tail_iterate] + +section bisim + variable (R : stream α → stream α → Prop) + local infix ~ := R + + def is_bisimulation := ∀ ⦃s₁ s₂⦄, s₁ ~ s₂ → head s₁ = head s₂ ∧ tail s₁ ~ tail s₂ + + theorem nth_of_bisim (bisim : is_bisimulation R) : ∀ {s₁ s₂} n, s₁ ~ s₂ → nth n s₁ = nth n s₂ ∧ drop (n+1) s₁ ~ drop (n+1) s₂ + | s₁ s₂ 0 h := bisim h + | s₁ s₂ (n+1) h := + match bisim h with + | ⟨h₁, trel⟩ := nth_of_bisim n trel + end + + -- If two streams are bisimilar, then they are equal + theorem eq_of_bisim (bisim : is_bisimulation R) : ∀ {s₁ s₂}, s₁ ~ s₂ → s₁ = s₂ := + λ s₁ s₂ r, stream.ext (λ n, and.elim_left (nth_of_bisim R bisim n r)) +end bisim + +theorem bisim_simple (s₁ s₂ : stream α) : head s₁ = head s₂ → s₁ = tail s₁ → s₂ = tail s₂ → s₁ = s₂ := +assume hh ht₁ ht₂, eq_of_bisim + (λ s₁ s₂, head s₁ = head s₂ ∧ s₁ = tail s₁ ∧ s₂ = tail s₂) + (λ s₁ s₂ ⟨h₁, h₂, h₃⟩, + begin + constructor, exact h₁, rw [← h₂, ← h₃], repeat {constructor, repeat {assumption}} + end) + (and.intro hh (and.intro ht₁ ht₂)) + +theorem coinduction {s₁ s₂ : stream α} : + head s₁ = head s₂ → (∀ (β : Type u) (fr : stream α → β), fr s₁ = fr s₂ → fr (tail s₁) = fr (tail s₂)) → s₁ = s₂ := +assume hh ht, + eq_of_bisim + (λ s₁ s₂, head s₁ = head s₂ ∧ ∀ (β : Type u) (fr : stream α → β), fr s₁ = fr s₂ → fr (tail s₁) = fr (tail s₂)) + (λ s₁ s₂ h, + have h₁ : head s₁ = head s₂, from and.elim_left h, + have h₂ : head (tail s₁) = head (tail s₂), from and.elim_right h α (@head α) h₁, + have h₃ : ∀ (β : Type u) (fr : stream α → β), fr (tail s₁) = fr (tail s₂) → fr (tail (tail s₁)) = fr (tail (tail s₂)), from + λ β fr, and.elim_right h β (λ s, fr (tail s)), + and.intro h₁ (and.intro h₂ h₃)) + (and.intro hh ht) + +theorem iterate_id (a : α) : iterate id a = const a := +coinduction + rfl + (λ β fr ch, begin rw [tail_iterate, tail_const], exact ch end) + +local attribute [reducible] stream +theorem map_iterate (f : α → α) (a : α) : iterate f (f a) = map f (iterate f a) := +begin + apply funext, intro n, + induction n with n' ih, + {refl}, + { unfold map iterate nth, dsimp, + unfold map iterate nth at ih, dsimp at ih, + rw ih } +end + +section corec +def corec (f : α → β) (g : α → α) : α → stream β := +λ a, map f (iterate g a) + +def corec_on (a : α) (f : α → β) (g : α → α) : stream β := +corec f g a + +theorem corec_def (f : α → β) (g : α → α) (a : α) : corec f g a = map f (iterate g a) := rfl + +theorem corec_eq (f : α → β) (g : α → α) (a : α) : corec f g a = f a :: corec f g (g a) := +begin rw [corec_def, map_eq, head_iterate, tail_iterate], refl end + +theorem corec_id_id_eq_const (a : α) : corec id id a = const a := +by rw [corec_def, map_id, iterate_id] + +theorem corec_id_f_eq_iterate (f : α → α) (a : α) : corec id f a = iterate f a := rfl +end corec + +section corec' +def corec' (f : α → β × α) : α → stream β := corec (prod.fst ∘ f) (prod.snd ∘ f) + +theorem corec'_eq (f : α → β × α) (a : α) : corec' f a = (f a).1 :: corec' f (f a).2 := +corec_eq _ _ _ + +end corec' + +-- corec is also known as unfold +def unfolds (g : α → β) (f : α → α) (a : α) : stream β := +corec g f a + +theorem unfolds_eq (g : α → β) (f : α → α) (a : α) : unfolds g f a = g a :: unfolds g f (f a) := +begin unfold unfolds, rw [corec_eq] end + +theorem nth_unfolds_head_tail : ∀ (n : nat) (s : stream α), nth n (unfolds head tail s) = nth n s := +begin + intro n, induction n with n' ih, + {intro s, refl}, + {intro s, rw [nth_succ, nth_succ, unfolds_eq, tail_cons, ih]} +end + +theorem unfolds_head_eq : ∀ (s : stream α), unfolds head tail s = s := +λ s, stream.ext (λ n, nth_unfolds_head_tail n s) + +def interleave (s₁ s₂ : stream α) : stream α := +corec_on (s₁, s₂) + (λ ⟨s₁, s₂⟩, head s₁) + (λ ⟨s₁, s₂⟩, (s₂, tail s₁)) + +infix `⋈`:65 := interleave + +theorem interleave_eq (s₁ s₂ : stream α) : s₁ ⋈ s₂ = head s₁ :: head s₂ :: (tail s₁ ⋈ tail s₂) := +begin + unfold interleave corec_on, rw corec_eq, dsimp, rw corec_eq, refl +end + +theorem tail_interleave (s₁ s₂ : stream α) : tail (s₁ ⋈ s₂) = s₂ ⋈ (tail s₁) := +begin unfold interleave corec_on, rw corec_eq, refl end + +theorem interleave_tail_tail (s₁ s₂ : stream α) : tail s₁ ⋈ tail s₂ = tail (tail (s₁ ⋈ s₂)) := +begin rw [interleave_eq s₁ s₂], refl end + +theorem nth_interleave_left : ∀ (n : nat) (s₁ s₂ : stream α), nth (2*n) (s₁ ⋈ s₂) = nth n s₁ +| 0 s₁ s₂ := rfl +| (succ n) s₁ s₂ := + begin + change nth (succ (succ (2*n))) (s₁ ⋈ s₂) = nth (succ n) s₁, + rw [nth_succ, nth_succ, interleave_eq, tail_cons, tail_cons, nth_interleave_left], + refl + end + +theorem nth_interleave_right : ∀ (n : nat) (s₁ s₂ : stream α), nth (2*n+1) (s₁ ⋈ s₂) = nth n s₂ +| 0 s₁ s₂ := rfl +| (succ n) s₁ s₂ := + begin + change nth (succ (succ (2*n+1))) (s₁ ⋈ s₂) = nth (succ n) s₂, + rw [nth_succ, nth_succ, interleave_eq, tail_cons, tail_cons, nth_interleave_right], + refl + end + +theorem mem_interleave_left {a : α} {s₁ : stream α} (s₂ : stream α) : a ∈ s₁ → a ∈ s₁ ⋈ s₂ := +assume ⟨n, h⟩, +exists.intro (2*n) (by rw [h, nth_interleave_left]) + +theorem mem_interleave_right {a : α} {s₁ : stream α} (s₂ : stream α) : a ∈ s₂ → a ∈ s₁ ⋈ s₂ := +assume ⟨n, h⟩, +exists.intro (2*n+1) (by rw [h, nth_interleave_right]) + +def even (s : stream α) : stream α := +corec + (λ s, head s) + (λ s, tail (tail s)) + s + +def odd (s : stream α) : stream α := +even (tail s) + +theorem odd_eq (s : stream α) : odd s = even (tail s) := rfl + +theorem head_even (s : stream α) : head (even s) = head s := rfl + +theorem tail_even (s : stream α) : tail (even s) = even (tail (tail s)) := +begin unfold even, rw corec_eq, refl end + +theorem even_cons_cons (a₁ a₂ : α) (s : stream α) : even (a₁ :: a₂ :: s) = a₁ :: even s := +begin unfold even, rw corec_eq, refl end + +theorem even_tail (s : stream α) : even (tail s) = odd s := rfl + +theorem even_interleave (s₁ s₂ : stream α) : even (s₁ ⋈ s₂) = s₁ := +eq_of_bisim + (λ s₁' s₁, ∃ s₂, s₁' = even (s₁ ⋈ s₂)) + (λ s₁' s₁ ⟨s₂, h₁⟩, + begin + rw h₁, + constructor, + {refl}, + {exact ⟨tail s₂, by rw [interleave_eq, even_cons_cons, tail_cons]⟩} + end) + (exists.intro s₂ rfl) + +theorem interleave_even_odd (s₁ : stream α) : even s₁ ⋈ odd s₁ = s₁ := +eq_of_bisim + (λ s' s, s' = even s ⋈ odd s) + (λ s' s (h : s' = even s ⋈ odd s), + begin + rw h, constructor, + {refl}, + {simp [odd_eq, odd_eq, tail_interleave, tail_even]} + end) + rfl + +theorem nth_even : ∀ (n : nat) (s : stream α), nth n (even s) = nth (2*n) s +| 0 s := rfl +| (succ n) s := + begin + change nth (succ n) (even s) = nth (succ (succ (2 * n))) s, + rw [nth_succ, nth_succ, tail_even, nth_even], refl + end + +theorem nth_odd : ∀ (n : nat) (s : stream α), nth n (odd s) = nth (2*n + 1) s := +λ n s, begin rw [odd_eq, nth_even], refl end + +theorem mem_of_mem_even (a : α) (s : stream α) : a ∈ even s → a ∈ s := +assume ⟨n, h⟩, +exists.intro (2*n) (by rw [h, nth_even]) + +theorem mem_of_mem_odd (a : α) (s : stream α) : a ∈ odd s → a ∈ s := +assume ⟨n, h⟩, +exists.intro (2*n+1) (by rw [h, nth_odd]) + +def append_stream : list α → stream α → stream α +| [] s := s +| (list.cons a l) s := a :: append_stream l s + +theorem nil_append_stream (s : stream α) : append_stream [] s = s := rfl + +theorem cons_append_stream (a : α) (l : list α) (s : stream α) : append_stream (a::l) s = a :: append_stream l s := rfl + +infix `++ₛ`:65 := append_stream + +theorem append_append_stream : ∀ (l₁ l₂ : list α) (s : stream α), (l₁ ++ l₂) ++ₛ s = l₁ ++ₛ (l₂ ++ₛ s) +| [] l₂ s := rfl +| (list.cons a l₁) l₂ s := by rw [list.cons_append, cons_append_stream, cons_append_stream, append_append_stream] + +theorem map_append_stream (f : α → β) : ∀ (l : list α) (s : stream α), map f (l ++ₛ s) = list.map f l ++ₛ map f s +| [] s := rfl +| (list.cons a l) s := by rw [cons_append_stream, list.map_cons, map_cons, cons_append_stream, map_append_stream] + +theorem drop_append_stream : ∀ (l : list α) (s : stream α), drop l.length (l ++ₛ s) = s +| [] s := by refl +| (list.cons a l) s := by rw [list.length_cons, add_one, drop_succ, cons_append_stream, tail_cons, drop_append_stream] + +theorem append_stream_head_tail (s : stream α) : [head s] ++ₛ tail s = s := +by rw [cons_append_stream, nil_append_stream, stream.eta] + +theorem mem_append_stream_right : ∀ {a : α} (l : list α) {s : stream α}, a ∈ s → a ∈ l ++ₛ s +| a [] s h := h +| a (list.cons b l) s h := + have ih : a ∈ l ++ₛ s, from mem_append_stream_right l h, + mem_cons_of_mem _ ih + +theorem mem_append_stream_left : ∀ {a : α} {l : list α} (s : stream α), a ∈ l → a ∈ l ++ₛ s +| a [] s h := absurd h (list.not_mem_nil _) +| a (list.cons b l) s h := + or.elim (list.eq_or_mem_of_mem_cons h) + (λ (aeqb : a = b), exists.intro 0 aeqb) + (λ (ainl : a ∈ l), mem_cons_of_mem b (mem_append_stream_left s ainl)) + +def approx : nat → stream α → list α +| 0 s := [] +| (n+1) s := list.cons (head s) (approx n (tail s)) + +theorem approx_zero (s : stream α) : approx 0 s = [] := rfl + +theorem approx_succ (n : nat) (s : stream α) : approx (succ n) s = head s :: approx n (tail s) := rfl + +theorem nth_approx : ∀ (n : nat) (s : stream α), list.nth (approx (succ n) s) n = some (nth n s) +| 0 s := rfl +| (n+1) s := begin rw [approx_succ, add_one, list.nth, nth_approx], refl end + +theorem append_approx_drop : ∀ (n : nat) (s : stream α), append_stream (approx n s) (drop n s) = s := +begin + intro n, + induction n with n' ih, + {intro s, refl}, + {intro s, rw [approx_succ, drop_succ, cons_append_stream, ih (tail s), stream.eta]} +end + +-- Take theorem reduces a proof of equality of infinite streams to an +-- induction over all their finite approximations. +theorem take_theorem (s₁ s₂ : stream α) : (∀ (n : nat), approx n s₁ = approx n s₂) → s₁ = s₂ := +begin + intro h, apply stream.ext, intro n, + induction n with n ih, + { have aux := h 1, unfold approx at aux, injection aux }, + { have h₁ : some (nth (succ n) s₁) = some (nth (succ n) s₂), + { rw [← nth_approx, ← nth_approx, h (succ (succ n))] }, + injection h₁ } +end + +-- auxiliary def for cycle corecursive def +private def cycle_f : α × list α × α × list α → α +| (v, _, _, _) := v + +-- auxiliary def for cycle corecursive def +private def cycle_g : α × list α × α × list α → α × list α × α × list α +| (v₁, [], v₀, l₀) := (v₀, l₀, v₀, l₀) +| (v₁, list.cons v₂ l₂, v₀, l₀) := (v₂, l₂, v₀, l₀) + +private lemma cycle_g_cons (a : α) (a₁ : α) (l₁ : list α) (a₀ : α) (l₀ : list α) : + cycle_g (a, a₁::l₁, a₀, l₀) = (a₁, l₁, a₀, l₀) := rfl + +def cycle : Π (l : list α), l ≠ [] → stream α +| [] h := absurd rfl h +| (list.cons a l) h := corec cycle_f cycle_g (a, l, a, l) + +theorem cycle_eq : ∀ (l : list α) (h : l ≠ []), cycle l h = l ++ₛ cycle l h +| [] h := absurd rfl h +| (list.cons a l) h := + have gen : ∀ l' a', corec cycle_f cycle_g (a', l', a, l) = (a' :: l') ++ₛ corec cycle_f cycle_g (a, l, a, l), + begin + intro l', + induction l' with a₁ l₁ ih, + {intros, rw [corec_eq], refl}, + {intros, rw [corec_eq, cycle_g_cons, ih a₁], refl} + end, + gen l a + +theorem mem_cycle {a : α} {l : list α} : ∀ (h : l ≠ []), a ∈ l → a ∈ cycle l h := +assume h ainl, begin rw [cycle_eq], exact mem_append_stream_left _ ainl end + +theorem cycle_singleton (a : α) (h : [a] ≠ []) : cycle [a] h = const a := +coinduction + rfl + (λ β fr ch, by rwa [cycle_eq, const_eq]) + +def tails (s : stream α) : stream (stream α) := +corec id tail (tail s) + +theorem tails_eq (s : stream α) : tails s = tail s :: tails (tail s) := +by unfold tails; rw [corec_eq]; refl + +theorem nth_tails : ∀ (n : nat) (s : stream α), nth n (tails s) = drop n (tail s) := +begin + intro n, induction n with n' ih, + {intros, refl}, + {intro s, rw [nth_succ, drop_succ, tails_eq, tail_cons, ih]} +end + +theorem tails_eq_iterate (s : stream α) : tails s = iterate tail (tail s) := rfl + +def inits_core (l : list α) (s : stream α) : stream (list α) := +corec_on (l, s) + (λ ⟨a, b⟩, a) + (λ p, match p with (l', s') := (l' ++ [head s'], tail s') end) + + +def inits (s : stream α) : stream (list α) := +inits_core [head s] (tail s) + +theorem inits_core_eq (l : list α) (s : stream α) : inits_core l s = l :: inits_core (l ++ [head s]) (tail s) := +begin unfold inits_core corec_on, rw [corec_eq], refl end + +theorem tail_inits (s : stream α) : tail (inits s) = inits_core [head s, head (tail s)] (tail (tail s)) := +begin unfold inits, rw inits_core_eq, refl end + +theorem inits_tail (s : stream α) : inits (tail s) = inits_core [head (tail s)] (tail (tail s)) := rfl + +theorem cons_nth_inits_core : ∀ (a : α) (n : nat) (l : list α) (s : stream α), + a :: nth n (inits_core l s) = nth n (inits_core (a::l) s) := +begin + intros a n, + induction n with n' ih, + {intros, refl}, + {intros l s, rw [nth_succ, inits_core_eq, tail_cons, ih, inits_core_eq (a::l) s], refl } +end + +theorem nth_inits : ∀ (n : nat) (s : stream α), nth n (inits s) = approx (succ n) s := +begin + intro n, induction n with n' ih, + {intros, refl}, + {intros, rw [nth_succ, approx_succ, ← ih, tail_inits, inits_tail, cons_nth_inits_core]} +end + +theorem inits_eq (s : stream α) : inits s = [head s] :: map (list.cons (head s)) (inits (tail s)) := +begin + apply stream.ext, intro n, + cases n, + {refl}, + {rw [nth_inits, nth_succ, tail_cons, nth_map, nth_inits], refl} +end + +theorem zip_inits_tails (s : stream α) : zip append_stream (inits s) (tails s) = const s := +begin + apply stream.ext, intro n, + rw [nth_zip, nth_inits, nth_tails, nth_const, approx_succ, + cons_append_stream, append_approx_drop, stream.eta] +end + +def pure (a : α) : stream α := +const a + +def apply (f : stream (α → β)) (s : stream α) : stream β := +λ n, (nth n f) (nth n s) + +infix `⊛`:75 := apply -- input as \o* + +theorem identity (s : stream α) : pure id ⊛ s = s := rfl +theorem composition (g : stream (β → δ)) (f : stream (α → β)) (s : stream α) : pure comp ⊛ g ⊛ f ⊛ s = g ⊛ (f ⊛ s) := rfl +theorem homomorphism (f : α → β) (a : α) : pure f ⊛ pure a = pure (f a) := rfl +theorem interchange (fs : stream (α → β)) (a : α) : fs ⊛ pure a = pure (λ f : α → β, f a) ⊛ fs := rfl +theorem map_eq_apply (f : α → β) (s : stream α) : map f s = pure f ⊛ s := rfl + +def nats : stream nat := +λ n, n + +theorem nth_nats (n : nat) : nth n nats = n := rfl + +theorem nats_eq : nats = 0 :: map succ nats := +begin + apply stream.ext, intro n, + cases n, refl, rw [nth_succ], refl +end + +end stream