See Section "Other goodies" at
https://github.com/leanprover/lean/wiki/Refactoring-structures
This commit also improves the support for projections in the
unifier/matcher.
Now, we consider the extra case-split for projections.
Given a projection `proj`, and the constraint `proj s =?= proj t`, we need to try first `s =?= t` and if it fails, then try to reduce.
This is needed in the standard library because we now have constraints such as:
```
@has_le.le ?A ?s ?a ?b =?= @has_le.le nat nat.has_add x y
```
If we reduce the right hand side, we get the unsolvable constraint
```
@has_le.le ?A ?s ?a ?b =?= nat.le x y
```
Before this change, the constraint was `@le ?A ?s ?a ?b =?= @le nat nat.has_add x y`, and we already perform a case-split in this case.
Moreover, projections were eagerly reduced whenever possible.
The extra case-split generates a performance problem in several tests. For example `fib 8 = 34` was timing out.
I worked around this issue by performing the case-split only when the constraint contains meta-variables.
There are also minor issues. Example. `<` is notation for `has_lt.lt`, but `>` is for `gt`.
@Kha, we now support variable/constant shadowing in patterns.
A constant may occur in a pattern if it is a constructor or tagged with
the new [pattern] attribute. In the standard library, I have tagged
'add', 'zero', 'one', 'bit0', 'bit1' and 'rfl' with this new attribute.
BTW, arbitrary constants and variables may occur nested in type ascriptions and
inaccessible terms.
Here is an example:
meta_definition tactic_result_to_string {A : Type} : tactic_result A → string
| (success a s) := to_string a
| (exception ⌞A⌟ e s) := "Exception: " ++ to_string (e ())
I had to use the inaccessible ⌞A⌟ in the example above, otherwise, we would be shadowing the parameter
{A : Type}, and we would get a type error.
The new validation is performed at to_pattern_fn (parser.cpp).
