This PR enables Lake users to require Reservoir dependencies by a
semantic version range. On a `lake update`, Lake will fetch the
package's version information from Reservoir and select the newest
version of the package that satisfies the range.
### Using Version Ranges
Version ranges can be specified through the `version` field of a TOML
`require` or the `@` clause of a Lean `require`. They are only
meaningful on Reservoir dependencies.
**lakefile.lean**
```lean-4
require "Seasawher" / "mdgen" @ "2.*"
```
**lakefile.toml**
```toml
[[require]]
name = "mdgen"
scope = "Seasawher"
version = "2.*"
```
The syntax for these versions ranges is a mix of
[Rust's](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/reference/specifying-dependencies.html?highlight=caret#version-requirement-syntax)
and
[Node's](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/tree/v7.7.3?tab=readme-ov-file#ranges)
with some Lean-friendly deviations.
### Comparators
The basic unit of semantic version ranges are version comparators. They
take a base version and a comparison operator and match versions which
compare positively with their base. Lake supports the following
comparison operators.
* `<`, `<=` / `≤`, `>`, `>=` / `≥`, `=`, `!=` / `≠`
Unlike Rust and Node, Lake supports Unicode alternatives for the
operators. It also adds the not-equal operator (`!=` / `≠`) to make
excluding broken versions easier.
Comparators can be combined into clauses via conjunction or disjunction:
* **AND clauses**: Rust-style `≥1.2.3, <1.8.0` or Node-style `1.2.3
<1.8.0`
* **OR clauses**: Node-style `1.2.7 || >=1.2.9, <2.0.0`
When the base version of a comparator has a `-` suffix (e.g.,
`>1.2.3-alpha.3`) it will match versions of the same core (`1.2.3`) with
suffixes that lexicographically compare (e.g., `1.2.3-alpha.7` or
`1.2.3-beta.2`) but will not match suffixed versions of different cores
(e.g., `3.4.5-rc5`). An empty `-` suffix can be used to disable this
behavior. For example, `<2.0.0-` will match `1.2.3-beta.2` and
`2.0.0-alpha.1`.
### Range Macros
In addition to the basic comparators, Lake also supports standard
shorthand for specifying more complex ranges. Namely, it supports the
caret (`^`) and tilde (`~`) operator along with wildcard ranges.
**Caret Ranges**
* `^1` => `≥1.0.0, <2.0.0-`
* `^1.2` => `≥1.2.0, <2.0.0-`
* `^1.2.3` => `≥1.2.3, <2.0.0-`
* `^1.2.3-beta.2` => `≥1.2.3-beta.2, <2.0.0-`
* `^0.2` => `≥0.0.0, <0.3.0-`
* `^0.2.3` => `≥0.2.3, <0.3.0-`
* `^0.0.3` => `≥0.0.3, <0.0.4-`
* `^0` => `≥0.0.0, <1.0.0-`
* `^0.0` => `≥0.0.0, <0.1.0-`
**Tilde Ranges**
* `~1` => `≥1.0.0, <2.0.0-`
* `~1.2` => `≥1.2.0, <1.3.0-`
* `~1.2.3` => `≥1.2.3, <1.3.0-`
* `~1.2.3-beta.2` => `≥1.2.3-beta.2, <1.3.0-`
* `^0` => `≥0.0.0, <1.0.0-`
* `^0.2.3` => `≥0.2.3, <0.3.0-`
* `^0.0.3` => `≥0.0.3, <0.0.4-`
* `~0` => `≥0.0.0, <1.0.0-`
* `~0.0` => `≥0.0.0, <0.1.0-`
* `~0.0.0` => `≥0.0.0, <0.1.0-`
**Wildcard Ranges**
* `*` => `≥0.0.0`
* `1.x` => `≥1.0.0, <2.0.0-`
* `1.*.x` => `≥1.0.0, <2.0.0-`
* `1.2.*` => `≥1.2.0, <1.3.0-`
These ranges closely follow Rust's and Node's syntax. Like Node but
unlike Rust, wildcard ranges support `x` and `X` as alternative syntax
for wildcards.
528c0dd2e4