lean4-htt/doc/dev/cpp_coding_style.md

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[google-style]: https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html
[cpplint]: /src/cmake/Modules/cpplint.py
# Coding Style
The Lean project is moving away from using any C++ as more and more of
the compiler is being bootstrapped in Lean itself. But the remaining
C++ codebase is using modified version of [Google's C++ Style
Guide][google-style].
## [C++11](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B11) features
Lean makes extensive use of new features in the C++ 11 standard.
Developers must be familiar with the standard to be able to understand
the code. Here are some of the features that are extensively used.
- Type inference (aka `auto` keyword).
- Initializer lists.
- Lambda functions and expressions.
- `nullptr` constant.
- Strongly typed enumerations.
- Right angle brackets with no space is now allowed in C++ 11.
- Thread local storage.
- Threading facilities.
- Tuple types.
- Smart pointers.
- When using ``std::list`` make sure to include the `std::`
qualifier so you do not accidentally use the ``lean::list`` type.
- When using ``std::copy`` make sure to include the `std::`
qualifier so you do not accidentally use the ``lean::copy`` type.
- Small and focused functions are preferred: foo(). Try not to
exceed 500 lines in a function, except in tests.
- Do **not** use the `#ifndef-#define-#endif` idiom for header files.
Instead use `#pragma once`.
- Write `type const & v` instead of `const type & v`.
- Use `const` extensively.
- Use the macro `lean_assert` for assertions. The macro `lean_assert`
is extensively used when writing unit tests.
## Naming
- Class, method, and function names are lower case
Use `_` for composite names. Example: `type_checker`.
- Class/struct fields should start with the prefix `m_`.
Example:
```c++
class point {
int m_x;
int m_y;
public:
...
};
```
## Namespaces
All code is in the `lean` namespace. Each frontend is stored in a
separate nested namespace. For example, the SMT 2.0 frontend is stored
in the `lean::smt` namespace.
Exception: some debugging functions are stored outside of the `lean`
namespace. These functions are called `print` and are meant to be used
when debugging Lean using `gdb`.
Do not use `using namespace` in a header file.
## Templates
Organize template source code using the approach described at http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/3515/How-To-Organize-Template-Source-Code
## Idioms
Use some popular C++ idioms:
- [Pimpl](http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?PimplIdiom)
- [RAII](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Acquisition_Is_Initialization) Resource Acquisition Is Initialization
## Formatting
* Use 4 spaces for indentation.
* `if-then-else` curly brackets not always required. The following
forms are acceptable:
```c++
if (cond) {
...
} else {
...
}
```
and
```c++
if (cond)
statement1;
else
statement2;
```
In *exceptional cases*, we also use
```c++
if (cond) statement;
```
and
```c++
if (cond) statement1; else stament2;
```
* `if-then-else-if-else`
The following forms are acceptable:
```c++
if (cond) {
...
} else if (cond) {
...
} else {
...
}
```c++
and
```c++
if (cond)
statement1;
else if (cond)
statement2;
else
statement3;
```
* Format code using extra spaces to make code more readable. For example:
```c++
environment const & m_env;
cache m_cache;
normalizer m_normalizer;
volatile bool m_interrupted;
```
instead of:
```c++
environment const & m_env;
cache m_cache;
normalizer m_normalizer;
volatile bool m_interrupted;
```
* Spaces in expressions. Write `a == b` instead of `a==b`. Similarly,
we write `x < y + 1` instead of `x<y+1`.